Why Do Crickets Stop Chirping When Approached

Theres nothing more maddening than trying to find a chirping cricket in your basement. It will sing loudly and ceaselessly until the moment you approach when it abruptly stops chirping. How does a cricket know when to hush? Why Do Crickets Chirp? Male crickets are the communicators of the species. The females wait for the songs of the males to spur the mating ritual. Female crickets dont chirp. Males make the chirping sound by rubbing the edges of their forewings together to call for female mates. This rubbing is called stridulation. Some species of crickets have several songs in their repertoire. The calling song attracts females and repels other males, and its fairly loud. This song is used only during the day in safe places; crickets aggregate at dawn without the use of acoustic calling. These groupings are typically not courtship displays, or leks, because they dont assemble for the sole purpose of mating. The cricket courting song is used when a female cricket is near, and the song encourages her to mate with the caller. An aggressive song allows male crickets to interact aggressively with one another, to establish territory and claim access to females in that territory. A triumphal song is produced for a brief period after mating and may reinforce the mating bond to encourage the female to lay eggs rather than find another male. Mapping Cricket Chirping The different songs used by crickets are subtle, but they do vary in pulse numbers and hertzes, or frequency. Chirp songs have one to eight pulses, spaced at regular intervals. Compared with aggressive songs, courtship chirps tend to have more pulses and shorter intervals between them. Crickets chirp at different rates depending on their species and the temperature of their  environment. Most species chirp at higher rates the higher the temperature is. The relationship between temperature and the rate of chirping is known as Dolbears  law. According to this law, counting the number of chirps produced in 14 seconds by the snowy tree cricket, common in the  United States, and adding 40 will approximate the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. Crickets Hear Vibrations Crickets know when we approach because they are sensitive to vibrations and noises. Since most predators are active during daylight,, crickets chirp at night. The slightest vibration might mean an approaching threat, so the cricket goes quiet to throw the predator off its trail. Crickets dont have ears like we do. Instead, they have a pair of tympanal organs on their forewings (tegmina), which vibrate in response to vibrating molecules (sound to humans) in the surrounding air. A special receptor called the chordotonal organ translates the vibration from the tympanal organ into a nerve impulse, which reaches the crickets brain. Crickets are extremely sensitive to vibration. No matter how soft or quiet you try to be, a cricket will get a warning nerve impulse. Humans hear something first, but crickets always feel it. A cricket is always on the alert for predators. Its body color, usually brown or black, blends in with most of its environments. But when it feels vibrations, it responds to the nerve impulse by doing what it can to hide—it goes silent. How to Sneak Up on a Cricket If youre patient, you can sneak up on a chirping cricket. Each time you move, it will stop chirping. If you remain still, eventually it will decide its safe and begin calling again. Keep following the sound, stopping each time it goes silent, and youll eventually find your cricket. Sources Boake, Christine R.B. Natural History and Acoustic Behavior of a Gregarious Cricket. Behaviour.Darling, Ruth A. A Directed Research Project Investigating Territoriality Aggression in Crickets. The American Biology Teacher.Doherty, John, and Hoy, Ronald. The Auditory Behavior of Crickets: Some Views of Genetic Coupling, Song Recognition, and Predator Detection. The Quarterly Review of Biology.Hoffart, Cara; Jones, Kylie; and Hill, Peggy S.M. Comparative Morphology of the Stridulatory Apparatus of the Gryllotalpidae (Orthoptera) of the Continental United States. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society.

The Ethics Of The Amazon Work - 1315 Words

Success can often be seen as the amount of money a company makes, the new and unique ideas it can create, and through the reputation it builds with its customers’. However, success can also be seen in a way a company values its customers, through their mission and vision, and especially the way they treat their workers. â€Å"At Amazon, workers are encouraged to tear apart one another’s ideas in meetings, toil long and late, and held to high standards the company boats are unreasonably high† (Kantor and Streitfeld, 2015). There are not necessarily standards by which employers and businesses HAVE to treat their workers, but it seems like there is an ethical problem in the Amazon work place according to this article. In this paper we will look at†¦show more content†¦This isn’t necessarily a bad idea, if the articles of faith and guidelines to live by were fair, ethical, and remotely rational. Some of his management ideas stick out more than others. â€Å"Of all of his management notions, perhaps the most distinctive is his belief that harmony is often overvalued in the workplace — that it can stifle honest critique and encourage polite praise for flawed ideas† (Kantor and Streitfeld, 2015). Bezo expects his workers to tell other co-workers exactly what they think about their ideas, and believes that even being rude and hurtful will help steer clear of faulty ideas. The P-O-L-C framework seems to be found within the Amazon articles of faith and guidelines, but I’m not sure it is accurately played out how it should be. The leading and controlling aspects of this framework seem to be skewed in Bezo’s way of thinking. It seems like he just has the same standards for everyone in the organization and doesn’t look at their individual personalities. The controlling part of the organization also seems irrationally harsh on his workers. It also seems like the big five personality traits would be discouraged except for neuroticism, because workers would be too timid to be open, extraverted, and agreeable. Conscientiousness might be a strong personality trait for these people, but it seems like it would be a forced personality trait. These personality traits can be super beneficial to the work place if people brought their own

Ernest Miller Hemingway Was Born In Oak Park, Illinois July 21, 1899. Essay Example For Students

Ernest Miller Hemingway Was Born In Oak Park, Illinois July 21, 1899. Essay Hemingway is known to be one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. He has written more than one hundred short fiction stories, many of them to be well known around the world. Some of these short stories had just as powerful an impact as his novels. As a young man, Hemingway left from his hometown to Europe, where he worked for the Red Cross during World War I. His time spent there inspired him to write some of his most famous novels. Most of which spoke of the horrors of the war (Benson xi). Hemingways short stories, Soldiers Home and Another Country are used to show the damaging psychological and physical effects of World War I. Hemingway knew first hand the horrors of war. In May of 1918, Hemingway became an honorary second lieutenant in the Red Cross, but could not join the army because he had a defective left eye. Hemingway first went to Paris, and soon after receiving new orders he traveled to Milan, Italy. The day he arrived, an ammunition factory exploded and he had to carry mutilated bodies and body parts to a makeshift morgue. This was definitely a most terrifying moment for the young Hemingway. After being seriously injured weeks later, Hemingway found himself recovering at a hospital in Milan. After his stay at the American Hospital in Milan, Hemingway was relieved of duty (Mitran 1). Having no other purpose in Europe, he returned unhappily to Oak Park, Illinois. The impression left on Hemingway by his stay in Italy had changed him profoundly. He never really returned to America as an America(Meyer 115). When Hemingway returned home from Italy in January of 1919 he found Oak Park dull compared to the adventures of war, the beauty of foreign lands, and the romance of an older woman. He was only nineteen but the war had matured him beyond his years. He was now living with his parents who didnt really appreciate what he had been through. His parents whereconcerned about his future and wanted him to get a job, and further his education. Hemingway could not find anything he would be interested in. Hemingway often exaggerated his war stories to satisfy his audience. This frustrating period of his life was used to create the short story called, Soldiers Home (Meyer 115). Hemingways story Soldiers Home conveys his feelings of frustration and shame upon returning home to a town and to parents who still had a romantic notion of war and who didnt understand the psychological impact the war had had on him. They would never be able to comprehend what war was all about. The character of Krebs obviously represents Hemingway. Krebs, after graduating from a Methodist college in Kansas, enlisted in the Marines in 1917. He didnt return to the U.S. until years after the war. He came back much too late. (Hemingway 115) By the time he got back, the people of his town where already tired of the atrocity stories of war (Hemingway 116). He felt the urge to talk about his experiences, but no one wanted to listen. This drove Krebs to lie. It seemed to be the only way anyone would listen to him at first. After lying twice, he also had begun to dislike war stories and was turned off by it. This was due to the fact no one even listened to him even when he lied. Even his li es didnt interest people; they already had heard these stories before. Soon Krebs lies and exaggeration resulted in acquiring the feeling of nausea. He would sometimes talk to other soldiers and Krebs would fall into the easy pose of the old soldier among other soldiers: that he had been badly, sickeningly frightened all the time. In this way he lost everything. (Hemingway 116)The war affected him in such a way that it seemed like he was left with little or no emotions. The Marines had taught Krebs that no man needs a woman. They taught him that women involve too much work and only cause problems. Trying to obtain a relationship involved to many consequences. It wouldnt be worth going through the pain of heartbreak or rejection. He would sit on his porch, and watch women walk by. He admired their clothing, their hair, and they way they walked. He wanted a girl, but didnt want to work for one. He didnt want to go through having the stress and pressure when trying to get a girl. He di d not want any consequences. (Hemingway 117) The only one who treated him like a hero was his little sister. Krebs faith in religion was also effected. It seemed like all his faith faded after the war. His mother explains to Krebs that, God has some work for everyone to do. There cant be no idle hands in his Kingdom. Kreb replies, Im not in his Kingdom. (Hemingway 119) He seemed to have lost his emotions totally. Even as his mother tells him that she prays for him every day, he is too busy looking at the bacon fat hardening on his plate. (Hemingway 119)The war had definitely taken its toll on people who survived World War I. They come home from the war (if they come home at all) as different people. These people have seen things that most men will never see. Things that would change someones lives for the worst, things such as death and destruction. Not only were the soldiers affected psychologically but also physically. As shown in Soldiers Home, the character Krebs will never agai n be the same person he was before World War I. It seems as if his will to live has diminished. Krebs suffered harmful psychological effects, but what about the others that survived the war. Some werent even able to go back home after the war ended. .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .postImageUrl , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:hover , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:visited , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:active { border:0!important; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:active , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tobacco Litigation and the Youth EssayHemingways short story, Another Country is about physically injured American soldiers in a hospital in Milan because of the war. These soldiers have sustained major injuries due to fighting on the battlefield. These men will never be the same again. One of the mens knees did not bend and his leg dropped straight from the knee to the ankle without a calf. (Hemingway 206) His leg was put into a machine to rejuvenate it. Next to this man was a major who had a hand like a little babys. Like the other man, his hand was attached to a machine. Before the war the major was the greatest fencer in Italy. After they were done with the machines th ey would go for a walk in town. Another boy joined sometimes, and he wore a black silk handkerchief across his face. This was because this boy had no nose, and his face was going to be rebuilt. He had gone out to the front from the military academy and been wounded within an hour after he had gone into the front line for the first time. (Hemingway 207)These devastating injuries due to the war changed these Americans soldiers lives forever. The boy with the injured leg loved playing football. Now he has to have his leg hooked up to a machine. The boy who lost his nose will never be looked at as a normal person ever again. The major as mentioned before was the greatest fencer in Italy. Now the majors hand resembled a babys. He, like the other boy used a machine to recuperate. The major asks the boy with the bad leg what his plans were after the war is over. The boy tells him he would go back to the states and get married. This infuriates the major greatly. He tells the boy he cant mar ry or he would lose everything (Hemingway 209). What the boy doesnt know is that the majors wife had died while he was at war. Because of the war he was not able to be with his wife who was only sick for a few days and was not expected to die. These men arent even able to go back home because of their injuries. (Hemingway 210)War can destroy and sometimes end a persons life. Hemingways short stories, Soldiers Home and Another Country are used to show the damaging psychological and physical effects of World War I. Hemingway is able to explain these affects of war to his readers most effectively. This is because of his firsthand experience in his involvement in World War I. He had been exposed to the horrors of war himself. In the story Soldiers Home a man who represents Hemingway comes home from World War I much to late. No one appreciated what he had done for his country and was forever psychologically damaged. He came home as a totally different person and now couldnt lead a normal life. He didnt have the will to work or obtain an education. The American soldiers in Another Country where forever damaged by the war. Each of these men couldnt even leave Europe because of their injuries. These men can never return home and pick up from where they left off. Their injuries will hold them all back from doing the things they love most. One mans injuries held him back from being with his sick wife back at home. These two short stories are perfect examples of how war can change a mans life forever.

Tituba and Modern Issues free essay sample

An exploration of the various social issues addressed in Maryse Conds novel I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem. The paper explores the issues of racism, feminism, religious bigotry, and hypocrisy in Maryse Conds novel, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem. The author includes many quotes from the actual text. In her novel, I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem, Maryse Cond skillfully intertwines historical fact with colorfully imagined invention to tell the tale of black slave Titubas brutal journey from Barbados to New England and her eventual return to her native land. Through this narration, Conds purpose is not simply to recount the story of a long-forgotten historical figure; indeed, by incorporating extensive fanciful devices, she distances herself from the factual and focuses instead on broader and more powerful underlying themes such as religious bigotry and hypocrisy, racism, feminism, and the power of sexuality. Through the usage of postmodern irony and a compelling storytelling style, she imparts a refreshing new perspective on the Salem witch trials and several fundamental issues with which we continue to struggle today. We will write a custom essay sample on Tituba and Modern Issues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

French Rhythm - Le Rythme

French Rhythm - Le Rythme Youve probably noticed, or at least heard others say, that the French language is very musical. The reason for this is that in French there are no stress marks on words: all syllables are pronounced at the same intensity (volume). In addition, many final consonants are liaised or enchaà ®nà ©s onto the next word. The lack of stress marks combined with liaisons and enchaà ®nements are what give French its rhythm: all of the words flow together like music. In contrast, English words each have a stressed syllable, which makes English sound comparatively choppy or staccato. (Im speaking purely from a linguistic point of view - this is not a judgment about which language sounds prettier.)Instead of stressed and unstressed syllables, French sentences are divided into rhythmic groups (groupes rythmiques or mots phonà ©tiques). A rhythmic group is a group of syntactically-related words in a sentence.* There are three basic kinds: Nominal (noun) groupsVerbal groupsPrepositional groups *Note that since the individual words within rhythmic groups are syntactically related, they are usually subject to required liaisons.The last syllable of each rhythmic group is accentuated in two ways. Intonation   Intonation refers to the pitch of someones voice. The last syllable of each rhythmic group inside the sentence is pronounced at a higher pitch than the rest of the sentence, while the final rhythmic groups final syllable is pronounced at a lower pitch. The only exceptions to this are  questions: in this case, the last rhythmic groups final syllable is also at a high pitch. Tonic accent The French tonic accent is a slight elongation of the final syllable in each rhythmic group. Rhythmic groups normally have up to 7 syllables, but this varies according to how quickly they are being spoken. If a sentence is spoken very quickly, some of the shorter rhythmic groups may be joined together. For example, Allez-vous au thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre  ? is short enough that you might choose to pronounce it as a single rhythmic group rather than Allez-vous  | au thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre  ?The following chart shows how rhythmic groups fit together. Click on the Listen links to hear each sentence pronounced at two different speeds. Due to the (lack of) quality of internet sound, I exaggerated the accentuation in the slow version. Please remember that this is just a guide to help you better understand rhythm and improve your French listening and speaking skills.   Nominal group Verbal group Prepositional Listen David et Luc | veulent vivre | au Mexique. slow normal Mon mari tienne | est prof danglais | Casablanca. slow normal Un tudiant | est arriv. slow normal Nous parlons | dun film. slow normal Allez-vous | au thtre ? slow normal

Cross-cultural Conflicts and Leadership for Managing Conflict Essay

Cross-cultural Conflicts and Leadership for Managing Conflict - Essay Example nment will look briefly at some of the common roots of cross-cultural conflict in global organizations, determine their causes as cited by experts, and consider whether it is possible to mitigate the causes before the conflicts occur. The common roots of cross-cultural conflicts include language differences or misunderstandings in communication, differences of perspectives due to different cultural values and outlooks etc. The way in which messages are communicated is also important as two opposing communication styles can create conflict. For example, American are usually more blunt or direct in communication, preferring to ‘cut to the chase’ whereas in many Asian cultures people are often less blunt and may be perceived by Americans as ‘beating around the bush’ (Ford, 2001). The unfamiliarity with other cultures also leads to people tending to stereotype â€Å"to fill in missing information† (McShane, 2004: 394). Another fundamental cause is the individualist-collectivist divide i.e. both perceive and deal with conflict itself very differently. Direct confrontational conflicts are less likely to occur in collectivist cultures because group commitment, conformity and harmony are greater priorities than for individualists (Carsten, 2007: 28). However, this does not mean that ‘tensions’ do not exist that can affect individual morale and performance. In terms of perceiving the nature of conflict, the realist conception sees it as competition between individuals and groups over incompatible goals or scarce resources, whilst the constructivist conception puts it down to â€Å"divergent perceptions or beliefs about the nature of the situation, the other party or oneself† (Kevin, 2004). In practice, combinations of the two underlying factors may be at play i.e. ‘mixed motives’. Before taking steps to merge or acquire foreign companies for example, the two cultures must be analysed for compatibility. For single multicultural organization interested in

Database Architecture and Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Database Architecture and Administration - Essay Example As the paper declares the navigational Model encompasses the â€Å"network model† and â€Å"hierarchical model† of database interfaces. The network model was developed by Charles Bachman in 1971 to define and set a standard for database systems. This model had a collection of records, connected to each other through links. Various record types were interconnected to each other, thus allowing a many-to-many relationship. IDS and IDMS are both examples of the network model. A network model can be explained using this schematic diagram. This discussion explores that navigational databases are open-ended and are best suited to handle small-scale data. However, it is difficult to search for data in this system since it does not have the search functionality. The system had to be navigated â€Å"manually†, that is to reach a particular record, one had to start at the parent record and then navigate step-by-step until one reaches the desired record. Due to these limitations, navigational database models became outdated by 1980s, though a form of the hierarchical model is still used in XML applications. The main distinguishing feature of the relational model is that the data is organized in a tabular form in rows and columns. The rows list the data while columns list the attributes. A key is chosen that uniquely identifies every row in the table and links different records from different tables. To find a particular set of data, a â€Å"query† is generated which mines the entire database to return the requi red answer.